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Emergency medicine is a medical specialty involving care for undifferentiated, unscheduled patients with acute illnesses or injuries that require immediate medical attention. While not usually providing long-term or continuing care, emergency physicians undertake acute investigations and interventions to resuscitate and stabilize patients. But emergency physicians also treat a wide variety of minor illnesses, since they provide care 24 hours a day when many primary care offices are closed. Emergency physicians generally practice in hospital emergency departments, pre-hospital settings via emergency medical services, and intensive care units, but also work in a variety of settings including urgent care clinics and other primary care settings. In developing countries, emergency medicine is still evolving and international emergency medicine programs offer hope of improving basic emergency care where resources are limited. In the United States and other developed countries, emergency medicine is now recognized as an essential public service. Although it developed more than 40 years ago, it is still one of the newest medical specialties. In developed countries, esp. in the US, emergency medicine has achieved recognition for its contributions to public health and academic medicine. Most academic medical centers have independent departments of Emergency Medicine, and the specialty is now a popular specialty among medical students and residents. International Emergency Medicine is now its own subspecialty, and focuses not only on the global practice of emergency medicine but also on efforts to promote the growth of emergency care throughout the world. This article highlights the development of emergency medicine in the United States, and includes some aspects of Emergency medicine in other countries. ==Scope== (詳細はlife support and advanced airway management. They must have the skills of many specialists—the ability to resuscitate a patient (critical care medicine), manage a difficult airway (anesthesia), suture a complex laceration (plastic surgery), reduce (set) a fractured bone or dislocated joint (orthopedic surgery), treat a heart attack (cardiology), manage strokes (neurology), work-up a pregnant patient with vaginal bleeding (obstetrics and gynecology), stop a severe nosebleed (ENT), place a chest tube (cardiothoracic surgery), and to conduct and interpret x-rays and ultrasounds (radiology). Emergency physicians also provide episodic primary care to patients during off hours and for those who do not have primary care providers. Emergency medicine is distinct from urgent care, which refers to immediate healthcare for less emergent medical issues. However, many emergency physicians work in urgent care settings, since there is obvious overlap. Emergency medicine also includes many aspects of acute primary care, and shares with family medicine the uniqueness of seeing all patients regardless of age, gender or organ system . The emergency physician workforce also includes many competent physicians who trained in other specialties. Physicians specializing in emergency medicine can enter fellowships to receive credentials in subspecialties such as palliative care, critical-care medicine, medical toxicology, wilderness medicine, pediatric emergency medicine, sports medicine, disaster medicine, tactical medicine, ultrasound, pain medicine, pre-hospital emergency medicine, or undersea and hyperbaric medicine. The practice of emergency medicine is often quite different in rural areas where there are far fewer consultants and health care resources. In these areas, family physicians with additional skills in emergency emergency medicine often staff emergency departments. Rural emergency physicians may be the only health care providers in the community, and require skills that include primary care and obstetrics. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「emergency medicine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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